The Compute Supply Chain

The world map of AI compute: who makes what, where it flows, and where verification can grab hold — with a look inside the chip itself.

Where AI verification could happen, and who would have to agree.

≈90%: of leading-edge logic is fabricated on one island
1: company builds every EUV lithography machine on Earth
3: firms make nearly all high-bandwidth memory

Hover a colored country · click to pin details · use the key to isolate a layer · switch to Timeline to watch the rules change

The pipeline · sand to modelClick a stage to light it up on the map

upstream · concentrated · most verifiabledownstream · diffuse · hardest to verify

Supply chain layers — click to isolate

Colors show a country's primary layer. Most of the interesting countries sit in more than one — hover to see all of them.

Go one level down

Anatomy of a Chip

Open a single accelerator — every color on this map ends up inside it.

soon

Start here

The whole story of this map is concentration. The chain crosses borders dozens of times, but the parts that matter for verification sit in a handful of countries — and each stage is a near-monopoly.

Click a country for its role, or isolate a layer to see exactly who would have to be in the room to verify it.

Actor roles in this module

Capability holderChokepoint controllerInformation holderEnforcement authorityEvasion pathwayAgreement beneficiary

Every pinned country card is tagged with the roles it plays. The same state can hold a chokepoint, enforce the rules, and be a pathway around them.

Content current as of July 2026. The policy layer of this field moves monthly — re-verify dates, thresholds, and bill status before citing. Key sources: Congress.gov (H.R. 3447 / S. 1705), BIS export control rules, EU AI Act Art. 51, CSIS, CRS R48642. Later modules go deeper on every mechanism named here.